Pregabalin: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action - DrugBank
Pregabalin: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action - DrugBank
- Indication
- Associated Conditions
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
- Pharmacodynamics
Although the structure of pregabalin is similar to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), it does not bind to GABA receptors.6,20 Instead, it binds the alpha2-delta subunit of presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels in the central nervous system.6,20 Pregabalin does not modulate dopamine receptors, serotonin receptors, opiate receptors, sodium channels or cyclooxygenase activity.20
- Mechanism of action
Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, studies involving structurally related drugs suggest that presynaptic binding of pregabalin to voltage-gated calcium channels is key to the antiseizure and antinociceptive effects observed in animal models.22
By binding presynaptically to the alpha2-delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels in the central nervous system, pregabalin modulates the release of several excitatory neurotransmitters including glutamate, substance-P, norepinephrine, and calcitonin gene related peptide.6 In addition, pregabalin prevents the alpha2-delta subunit from being trafficked from the dorsal root ganglia to the spinal dorsal horn, which may also contribute to the mechanism of action.15
Although pregabalin is a structural derivative of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), it does not bind directly to GABA or benzodiazepine receptors.8
TargetActionsOrganismA
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1Not Available
Humans- Absorption
After oral dosing administered in the fasted state, pregabalin absorption is rapid, and extensive.8 Pregabalin oral bioavailability is reported to be &#;90% regardless of the dose.8 Cmax is attained within 1.5 hours after single or multiple doses, and steady state is attained within 24-48 hours with repeated administration.8,22 Both Cmax and AUC appear to be dose proportional.8
Food decreases the rate of pregabalin absorption and as a result, lowers the Cmax by an estimated 25-30% and increases the Tmax to approximately 3 hours.22 However, the effect of food does not appear to impact the total absorption of pregabalin in a way that is clinically relevant. As a result, pregabalin can be administered with or without food.22
- Volume of distribution
After oral administration of pregabalin, the reported apparent volume of distribution is roughly 0.5 L/kg.22
Although pregabalin is not very lipophilic, it is able to cross the blood brain barrier(BBB).16 System L transporters facilitate the transport of large amino acids across the BBB and it has been confirmed that pregabalin is a substrate.22,16 This information suggests that system L transporters are responsible for pregabalin uptake into the BBB.16
In rat models, pregabalin has been shown to cross the placenta.22
- Protein binding
Pregabalin is not plasma protein bound.8,22
- Metabolism
Less than 2% of pregabalin is metabolized and it is excreted virtually unchanged in the urine.8,22
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
Pregabalin is almost exclusively eliminated in the urine.17,18
Further, based on preclinical studies, pregabalin does not appear to undergo racemization to the R enantiomer in the body.11
- Half-life
The elimination half life of pregabalin is 6.3 hours.22
- Clearance
In young healthy subjects the mean renal clearance is estimated to be 67.0 to 80.9 mL mL/min.22 Given pregabalin's lack of plasma protein binding, this clearance rate suggests that renal tubular reabsorption is involved.22
- Adverse Effects
- Toxicity
In a systematic review that included 38 randomized controlled trials, there were 20 identified adverse effects that were significantly associated with pregabalin, most of which involve the central nervous system and cognition. The identified adverse effects include vertigo, dizziness, balance disorder, incoordination, ataxia, blurred vision, diplopia, amblyopia, somnolence, confusional state, tremor, disturbance in attention, abnormal thinking, asthenia, fatigue, euphoria, edema, peripheral edema, dry mouth, and constipation 14.
The most common symptoms of pregabalin toxicity (dose range includes 800 mg/day and single doses up to 11,500 mg) include somnolence, confusion, restlessness, agitation, depression, affective disorder and seizures.23
Since there is no antidote for pregabalin overdose, patients should receive general supportive care. If appropriate, gastric lavage or emesis may help eliminate unabsorbed pregabalin (healthcare providers should take standard precautions to maintain the airway).23
Pregabalin pharmacokinetic properties suggest that extra-corporeal elimination methods including haemodialysis, may be useful in situations of severe toxicity.19 However, there are cases where patients have presented with very high serum levels of pregabalin and have been successfully managed with supportive care alone.19
- Pathways
Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available
Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Related links:
Intermediates Pharma Market Trends: A guide for smarter ...Unlock 38% more drug discovery time and eliminate decision-making doubts with this one-stop guide to quality drug data.
Pregabalin is structurally similar to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) - an inhibitory neurotransmitter. 13 It may be used to manage neuropathic pain, postherpetic neuralgia, and fibromyalgia among other conditions. 20 Although as per the FDA Label the mechanism of action has not been definitively characterized, there is evidence that pregabalin exerts its effects by binding to the α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels. 20 , 22 Pregabalin is marketed by Pfizer under the trade name Lyrica and Lyrica Cr (extended release). 21 , 22 It may have dependence liability if misused but the risk appears to be highest in patients with current or past substance use disorders. 4
Pregabalin is an anticonvulsant drug used to treat neuropathic pain conditions and fibromyalgia, and for the treatment of partial onset seizures in combination with other anticonvulsants.
- Indication
- Associated Conditions
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
- Pharmacodynamics
Although the structure of pregabalin is similar to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), it does not bind to GABA receptors.6,20 Instead, it binds the alpha2-delta subunit of presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels in the central nervous system.6,20 Pregabalin does not modulate dopamine receptors, serotonin receptors, opiate receptors, sodium channels or cyclooxygenase activity.20
- Mechanism of action
Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, studies involving structurally related drugs suggest that presynaptic binding of pregabalin to voltage-gated calcium channels is key to the antiseizure and antinociceptive effects observed in animal models.22
By binding presynaptically to the alpha2-delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels in the central nervous system, pregabalin modulates the release of several excitatory neurotransmitters including glutamate, substance-P, norepinephrine, and calcitonin gene related peptide.6 In addition, pregabalin prevents the alpha2-delta subunit from being trafficked from the dorsal root ganglia to the spinal dorsal horn, which may also contribute to the mechanism of action.15
Although pregabalin is a structural derivative of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), it does not bind directly to GABA or benzodiazepine receptors.8
TargetActionsOrganismA
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1Not Available
Humans- Absorption
After oral dosing administered in the fasted state, pregabalin absorption is rapid, and extensive.8 Pregabalin oral bioavailability is reported to be &#;90% regardless of the dose.8 Cmax is attained within 1.5 hours after single or multiple doses, and steady state is attained within 24-48 hours with repeated administration.8,22 Both Cmax and AUC appear to be dose proportional.8
Food decreases the rate of pregabalin absorption and as a result, lowers the Cmax by an estimated 25-30% and increases the Tmax to approximately 3 hours.22 However, the effect of food does not appear to impact the total absorption of pregabalin in a way that is clinically relevant. As a result, pregabalin can be administered with or without food.22
- Volume of distribution
After oral administration of pregabalin, the reported apparent volume of distribution is roughly 0.5 L/kg.22
Although pregabalin is not very lipophilic, it is able to cross the blood brain barrier(BBB).16 System L transporters facilitate the transport of large amino acids across the BBB and it has been confirmed that pregabalin is a substrate.22,16 This information suggests that system L transporters are responsible for pregabalin uptake into the BBB.16
In rat models, pregabalin has been shown to cross the placenta.22
For more cas -80-4information, please contact us. We will provide professional answers.
- Protein binding
Pregabalin is not plasma protein bound.8,22
- Metabolism
Less than 2% of pregabalin is metabolized and it is excreted virtually unchanged in the urine.8,22
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
Pregabalin is almost exclusively eliminated in the urine.17,18
Further, based on preclinical studies, pregabalin does not appear to undergo racemization to the R enantiomer in the body.11
- Half-life
The elimination half life of pregabalin is 6.3 hours.22
- Clearance
In young healthy subjects the mean renal clearance is estimated to be 67.0 to 80.9 mL mL/min.22 Given pregabalin's lack of plasma protein binding, this clearance rate suggests that renal tubular reabsorption is involved.22
- Adverse Effects
- Toxicity
In a systematic review that included 38 randomized controlled trials, there were 20 identified adverse effects that were significantly associated with pregabalin, most of which involve the central nervous system and cognition. The identified adverse effects include vertigo, dizziness, balance disorder, incoordination, ataxia, blurred vision, diplopia, amblyopia, somnolence, confusional state, tremor, disturbance in attention, abnormal thinking, asthenia, fatigue, euphoria, edema, peripheral edema, dry mouth, and constipation 14.
The most common symptoms of pregabalin toxicity (dose range includes 800 mg/day and single doses up to 11,500 mg) include somnolence, confusion, restlessness, agitation, depression, affective disorder and seizures.23
Since there is no antidote for pregabalin overdose, patients should receive general supportive care. If appropriate, gastric lavage or emesis may help eliminate unabsorbed pregabalin (healthcare providers should take standard precautions to maintain the airway).23
Pregabalin pharmacokinetic properties suggest that extra-corporeal elimination methods including haemodialysis, may be useful in situations of severe toxicity.19 However, there are cases where patients have presented with very high serum levels of pregabalin and have been successfully managed with supportive care alone.19
- Pathways
Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available
Explore the full scope of our drug knowledge tailored for pharmaceutical research needs in our data library. Learn more.
Pregabalin: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action - DrugBank
Explore the full scope of our drug knowledge tailored for pharmaceutical research needs in our data library. Learn more.
Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Unlock 38% more drug discovery time and eliminate decision-making doubts with this one-stop guide to quality drug data.
Pregabalin is structurally similar to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) - an inhibitory neurotransmitter. 13 It may be used to manage neuropathic pain, postherpetic neuralgia, and fibromyalgia among other conditions. 20 Although as per the FDA Label the mechanism of action has not been definitively characterized, there is evidence that pregabalin exerts its effects by binding to the α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels. 20 , 22 Pregabalin is marketed by Pfizer under the trade name Lyrica and Lyrica Cr (extended release). 21 , 22 It may have dependence liability if misused but the risk appears to be highest in patients with current or past substance use disorders. 4
Pregabalin is an anticonvulsant drug used to treat neuropathic pain conditions and fibromyalgia, and for the treatment of partial onset seizures in combination with other anticonvulsants.
Pregabalin (CAS -50-8)
The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.
The company is the world’s best -31-2 supplier. We are your one-stop shop for all needs. Our staff are highly-specialized and will help you find the product you need.